Europe’s diverse landscapes offer a treasure trove of hiking opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. From the towering peaks of the Alps to the sun-drenched Mediterranean coastlines, the continent boasts an impressive array of trails that cater to all skill levels and preferences. Whether you’re seeking challenging mountain treks or leisurely coastal walks, Europe’s hiking routes provide unforgettable experiences amid breathtaking scenery and rich cultural heritage.
Alpine trekking routes: swiss and french alps
The Alps, spanning eight countries across Central Europe, are a hiker’s paradise. With their jagged peaks, pristine lakes, and lush valleys, the Swiss and French Alps offer some of the most iconic trekking routes in the world. These mountains present a perfect blend of challenging terrain and stunning vistas, attracting millions of visitors each year.
Tour du mont blanc: circumnavigating western europe’s highest peak
The Tour du Mont Blanc (TMB) is arguably one of the most famous long-distance hikes in Europe. This 170-kilometre trail circles the Mont Blanc massif, passing through France, Italy, and Switzerland. Hikers typically complete the circuit in 7-11 days, depending on their pace and chosen itinerary.
The TMB offers a diverse range of landscapes, from glacial valleys to alpine meadows. You’ll traverse high mountain passes, descend into charming villages, and enjoy panoramic views of some of the Alps’ most dramatic peaks. The trail is well-marked and supported by a network of mountain huts, making it accessible to experienced hikers with good fitness levels.
Haute route: chamonix to zermatt challenge
For those seeking a more challenging alpine experience, the Haute Route from Chamonix to Zermatt is an excellent choice. This 180-kilometre trek takes hikers through the heart of the Alps, connecting two of the most famous mountain towns in Europe.
The Haute Route typically takes 12-14 days to complete and involves crossing high passes, traversing glaciers, and navigating rocky terrain. It’s a test of endurance and skill, rewarding hikers with unparalleled views of iconic peaks like the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc. Proper preparation and alpine experience are essential for tackling this demanding route.
Swiss national park: biodiversity and pristine landscapes
The Swiss National Park in the Engadine region offers a different kind of alpine experience. As Switzerland’s only national park, it’s a sanctuary for diverse flora and fauna, preserved in its natural state since 1914. The park boasts over 80 kilometres of hiking trails, ranging from easy nature walks to more challenging mountain hikes.
Visitors can explore dense forests, alpine meadows, and rugged peaks while observing native wildlife such as ibex, chamois, and golden eagles. The park’s commitment to conservation means that hikers must stick to designated trails and follow strict rules to protect the environment.
Jungfrau region: eiger, mönch, and jungfrau trails
The Jungfrau region in the Bernese Oberland is home to some of Switzerland’s most iconic mountains: Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau. This area offers a variety of hiking options, from gentle valley walks to more strenuous high-altitude treks.
One popular route is the Eiger Trail, a 6-kilometre path that runs along the base of the Eiger’s notorious North Face. For a longer adventure, the Jungfrau Marathon route offers a challenging 42-kilometre trek through picturesque alpine scenery. The region’s excellent infrastructure, including cable cars and mountain railways, makes it easy to access trailheads and combine different hiking segments.
Mediterranean coastal paths: spain and italy
Moving from the alpine heights to the sun-soaked Mediterranean coast, hikers can discover a different kind of beauty. The coastal paths of Spain and Italy offer a perfect blend of seaside charm, historical sites, and culinary delights.
Cinque terre: linking five historic italian villages
The Cinque Terre, a string of five colourful fishing villages along the Italian Riviera, is renowned for its scenic coastal trail. The full route, known as the Sentiero Azzurro (Blue Trail), connects all five villages over a distance of about 12 kilometres.
While parts of the trail can be challenging due to steep terrain, the rewards are spectacular views of the rugged coastline and terraced vineyards tumbling down to the sea. Each village offers a unique charm, with opportunities to sample local specialties like pesto and limoncello. It’s worth noting that some sections of the trail may be closed due to landslides, so always check current conditions before setting out.
Amalfi coast: sentiero degli dei (path of the gods)
The Amalfi Coast in southern Italy is home to one of the most beautiful coastal walks in Europe: the Sentiero degli Dei, or Path of the Gods. This 8-kilometre trail between the towns of Bomerano and Nocelle offers breathtaking views of the Mediterranean and the island of Capri.
The path winds through lemon groves, vineyards, and ancient shepherd’s houses, providing a glimpse into the traditional rural life of the region. While not overly difficult, the trail does involve some steep sections and narrow paths along cliff edges, so a reasonable level of fitness and sure-footedness is required.
Camino de santiago: coastal route through northern spain
While the Camino de Santiago is best known for its inland routes, the Camino del Norte offers a stunning coastal alternative. This 825-kilometre path follows the northern coast of Spain from the French border to Santiago de Compostela.
The Coastal Route takes pilgrims through the lush landscapes of the Basque Country, Cantabria, Asturias, and Galicia. Hikers can enjoy beautiful beaches, dramatic cliffs, and charming fishing villages while experiencing the unique cultures and cuisines of northern Spain. This route is generally less crowded than the popular Camino Francés, offering a more peaceful journey.
Mallorca’s GR221: dry stone route in the tramuntana
The GR221, also known as the Dry Stone Route, traverses the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range on the Spanish island of Mallorca. This 135-kilometre trail showcases the island’s diverse landscapes, from rugged mountains to picturesque coastal villages.
The route is named after the traditional dry stone walls and structures that dot the landscape, built by generations of local farmers and shepherds. Hikers can complete the entire trail in about 8 days, staying in mountain refuges or local guesthouses along the way. The GR221 offers a perfect mix of challenging hikes and opportunities to explore Mallorca’s rich cultural heritage.
Nordic wilderness trails: scandinavia
For those seeking solitude and pristine wilderness, Scandinavia offers some of Europe’s most remote and beautiful hiking trails. The Nordic countries boast vast expanses of untouched nature, from dense forests to arctic tundra.
Kungsleden: sweden’s 440km royal trail
The Kungsleden, or King’s Trail, is Sweden’s most famous long-distance hiking route. Stretching 440 kilometres through Swedish Lapland, it offers hikers a chance to experience the raw beauty of the Arctic wilderness.
The trail passes through four national parks and a nature reserve, showcasing a diverse range of landscapes including birch forests, open tundra, and glacial valleys. Hikers can choose to tackle the entire trail, which typically takes about a month, or focus on specific sections. The northern section, between Abisko and Nikkaluokta, is particularly popular and can be completed in about a week.
Norway’s jotunheimen national park: land of giants
Jotunheimen National Park, often referred to as the “Home of the Giants” in Norse mythology, is a hiker’s dream. This rugged landscape in central Norway is home to Scandinavia’s highest peaks and offers a network of well-marked trails for all abilities.
One of the most popular hikes is the ascent of Galdhøpiggen, Norway’s highest mountain at 2,469 metres. For a multi-day adventure, the Jotunheimen Royal Route is a challenging 60-kilometre trek that takes hikers through some of the park’s most spectacular scenery. The park’s system of staffed lodges makes it possible to hike from hut to hut, enjoying comfortable accommodations in the heart of the wilderness.
Finland’s karhunkierros trail: bear’s ring in lapland
The Karhunkierros Trail, or Bear’s Ring, is Finland’s most popular hiking route. Located in the Oulanka National Park in northern Finland, this 80-kilometre trail offers a diverse range of landscapes, from deep forests to roaring rapids and steep-sided canyons.
The full trail typically takes 4-7 days to complete, with hikers staying in wilderness huts along the route. For those short on time, there’s also a 12-kilometre “Small Bear’s Ring” that showcases some of the trail’s highlights in a day hike. The best time to hike is from June to September when the midnight sun provides long days for exploring.
Historical pilgrimage routes: Multi-Country journeys
Europe’s ancient pilgrimage routes offer hikers a unique blend of physical challenge, cultural immersion, and spiritual reflection. These historical paths, some dating back over a thousand years, traverse multiple countries and diverse landscapes.
Via francigena: canterbury to rome ancient path
The Via Francigena is a historical pilgrimage route that stretches from Canterbury in England to Rome, covering approximately 1,700 kilometres. This ancient path, used by archbishops, kings, and countless pilgrims over the centuries, passes through England, France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Today, hikers can follow in the footsteps of history, experiencing a rich tapestry of European cultures and landscapes. The route includes challenging mountain crossings in the Alps, scenic walks through the vineyards of Tuscany, and visits to numerous historical sites and charming medieval towns. While it’s possible to walk the entire route, many hikers choose to complete it in sections over multiple trips.
St. olav ways: nordic pilgrimage network
The St. Olav Ways form a network of pilgrimage routes in Norway, all leading to Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. These paths honour St. Olav, the patron saint of Norway, and offer hikers a chance to explore the country’s rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty.
The most popular route is the Gudbrandsdalen Path, which stretches 643 kilometres from Oslo to Trondheim. This trail takes hikers through picturesque valleys, along tranquil lakes, and over mountain passes. Along the way, pilgrims can stay in a network of lodgings ranging from simple farm stays to comfortable hotels, experiencing traditional Norwegian hospitality.
Rota vicentina: portuguese fishermen’s trail
The Rota Vicentina in southwest Portugal offers a different kind of pilgrimage experience. This network of trails includes the Historical Way, an inland route connecting old villages and towns, and the Fishermen’s Trail, which follows the stunning Atlantic coastline.
The Fishermen’s Trail, in particular, is a favourite among hikers. This 226-kilometre path hugs the coastline, offering breathtaking views of dramatic cliffs, pristine beaches, and the powerful Atlantic Ocean. Hikers follow trails once used by local fishermen to access the best fishing spots, experiencing the raw beauty of Portugal’s wild coast. The trail can be challenging due to long stretches of walking on sand, but the scenery more than compensates for the effort.
Island hiking paradises: greece and scotland
Island hiking offers a unique blend of diverse landscapes, cultural experiences, and the ever-present influence of the sea. Both Greece and Scotland boast spectacular island trails that showcase their distinctive natural beauty and rich histories.
Corfu trail: ionian sea’s diverse landscapes
The Corfu Trail, spanning 220 kilometres from south to north of the Greek island, offers hikers a comprehensive exploration of Corfu’s diverse landscapes. The route takes trekkers through olive groves, along golden beaches, over mountain ridges, and past traditional villages.
Highlights include the remote beaches of the west coast, the summit of Mount Pantokrator (Corfu’s highest peak), and the picturesque old town of Corfu, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The trail can be completed in about 10 days, with accommodation ranging from small hotels to traditional guesthouses. Spring and autumn are ideal times to hike, offering pleasant temperatures and blooming wildflowers or autumn colours.
Crete’s E4 european long distance path
The E4 European Long Distance Path traverses the length of Crete, Greece’s largest island, offering an incredible variety of landscapes and historical sites. The Cretan section of the E4 stretches for about 500 kilometres, typically taking around a month to complete in its entirety.
Hikers can explore everything from the famous Samaria Gorge (Europe’s longest) to high mountain plateaus, ancient Minoan ruins, and secluded beaches. The trail passes through remote villages where traditional Cretan culture and hospitality still thrive. While the full route is a significant undertaking, many hikers choose to complete shorter sections, focusing on areas like the White Mountains or the eastern coast.
West highland way: scottish highlands adventure
The West Highland Way, Scotland’s first and most famous long-distance trail, offers 154 kilometres of stunning Highland scenery. Starting near Glasgow and ending in Fort William at the foot of Ben Nevis (Britain’s highest mountain), the route showcases the best of Scotland’s rugged beauty.
Hikers traverse a variety of terrains, from the bonnie banks of Loch Lomond through the remote wilderness of Rannoch Moor to the dramatic landscape of Glencoe. The trail can be completed in 5-8 days, with a range of accommodation options available, from basic camping to comfortable bed and breakfasts. Despite its popularity, the West Highland Way still offers plenty of opportunities for solitude and wildlife spotting.
Hebridean way: outer hebrides Island-Hopping
For a truly unique island hiking experience, the Hebridean Way offers 247 kilometres of trails across 10 islands in Scotland’s Outer Hebrides. This route combines both walking and cycling paths, allowing hikers to experience the full length of this remote island chain.
The trail starts on the island of Vatersay and ends on the Isle of Lewis, passing through a landscape of white sand beaches, flower-covered machair (coastal grasslands), and rugged hills. Highlights include the prehistoric standing stones at Callanish and the chance to spot diverse wildlife, from seals and otters to golden eagles. The full route typically takes 8-14 days to complete, with ferry crossings adding to the adventure.
Essential gear and preparation for european hiking
Proper preparation and equipment are crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience in Europe. The diverse landscapes and varying weather conditions across the continent require careful planning and versatile gear.
Ultralight backpacking techniques for Long-Distance trails
For long-distance hikes, adopting ultralight backpacking techniques can significantly enhance your hiking experience. The key principle is to carry only what’s essential and opt for lightweight alternatives where possible. Here are some ultralight backpacking tips:
- Choose a lightweight backpack (under 1 kg) with a capacity suitable for your trip length
- Opt for a down sleeping bag and inflatable sleeping pad for warmth and comfort at minimal weight
- Use trekking poles to reduce strain on your knees and improve balance
- Pack quick-drying, moisture-wicking clothing layers instead of heavy cotton items
- Consider trail running shoes instead of heavy hiking boots for most terrains
Navigation tools: GPS devices vs. traditional maps
When it comes to navigation on European hiking trails, both GPS devices and traditional maps have their merits. GPS devices offer real-time location tracking, pre-loaded trail information, and the ability to mark waypoints. They’re particularly useful in areas with complex trail networks or in low-visibility conditions.
However, traditional paper maps shouldn’t be overlooked. They provide a broader perspective of the terrain, don’t rely on battery power, and can help develop crucial map-reading skills. Many experienced hikers prefer to carry both, using GPS for precise navigation and paper maps for overall route planning and as a backup.
When choosing a GPS device, consider factors such as battery life, durability, and the availability of detailed maps for your hiking region. Popular options include handheld devices from brands like Garmin or smartphone apps like Gaia GPS or AllTrails.
European mountain hut systems and booking platforms
The extensive network of mountain huts across Europe is one of the continent’s greatest assets for hikers. These huts, known as refuges, rifugios, or hütten depending on the country, provide shelter, meals, and often a convivial atmosphere for weary trekkers.
In the Alps, the hut system is particularly well-developed. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC), Club Alpino Italiano (CAI), and French Alpine Club (CAF) manage hundreds of huts across their respective countries. Many of these can be booked online through platforms like SwissAlpineClub.ch, Rifugi.cai.it, or Refuges.ffcam.fr.
For multi-country treks, websites like Alpsonline.org aggregate information and booking options for huts across the Alps. It’s advisable to book well in advance, especially for popular routes during peak season (July-August).
Multi-country trekking: visa requirements and border crossings
For hikers planning multi-country treks in Europe, understanding visa requirements and border crossing procedures is crucial. EU citizens can generally move freely between Schengen Area countries, but non-EU visitors should check their visa requirements carefully.
Most non-EU visitors can stay in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. However, some long-distance trails, like the Via Francigena from England to Italy, involve both Schengen and non-Schengen countries, requiring additional planning.
When crossing borders on foot, especially in remote areas, carry your passport and any necessary visas. Some hiking trails, like certain sections of the Tour du Mont Blanc, cross borders at unofficial points. While this is generally permitted for hikers, it’s wise to research specific local regulations beforehand.
Remember that even within the EU, currency can vary. Carry some cash in the appropriate currency for each country you’ll be hiking through, particularly for mountain huts or small villages where card payments might not be accepted.